Selasa, 19 Juni 2012

Pesona Jatiluwih

Jatiluwih, sebuah obyek wisata alam yang menarik karena memiliki pemandangan alam yang indah. Jatiluwih terletak di Kecamatan Penebel, Kabupaten Tabanan, Pulau Bali, Indonesia.

Jatiluwih terdiri dari kata Jati dan Luwih, yang artinya benar benar indah. Jatiluwih dengan latar belakang Gunung Batukaru, terletak pada ketinggian 700 m diatas permukaan laut dan berhawa sejuk serta suasananya terasa nyaman. Sebagian besar daerahnya merupakan daerah persawahan yang dibuat berteras atau berundak atau bertingkat, sehingga dikenal dengan sawah berteras khas Bali.
Sistem sawah berteras ini telah membuat Jatiluwih dinominasikan masuk daftar UNESCO World Heritage sebagai warisan budaya dunia. Jatiluwih merupakan lokasi terbaik untuk melihat keindahan terasering di Bali.
Untuk mengairi sawah seluas ± 636 hektar di Jatiluwih ini, maka digunakanlah sistem pengairan subak, yaitu sistem pengairan atau irigasi tradisional Bali yang berbasis pada masyarakat.

wisata alam Jatiluwih ini banyak dikunjungi oleh wisatawan domestik maupun wisatawan mancanegara untuk menikmati keindahan alam, udara yang sejuk serta merasakan suasana pedesaan yang terasa sangat damai. Kawasan persawahan yang luas menghijau adalah sebuah daya tarik wisata alam yang indah, yang dapat ditemukan di Jatiluwih.
Selain Jatiluwih, Kabupaten Tabanan juga memiliki obyek wisata menarik lainnya, di antaranya : Tanah Lot, Bedugul, Puputan Margarana, Taman Kupu-kupu (Butterfly Park) dan tempat wisata lainnya. Kabupaten Tabanan juga dikenal sebagai daerah agraris dan merupakan lumbung padinya Pulau Bali.
Agar dapat menikmati wisata sepanjang hari di Bali, maka ada baiknya selain ke Jatiluwih juga ketempat wisata lainnya. Dapat direncanakan jadwal wisatanya sebagai berikut :
Mulai dari Denpasar, Bedugul, pertigaan Desa Pacung, Jatiluwih, Yeh Panes Tabanan, Monumen Subak, Alas Kedaton, terakhir menuju Tanah Lot untuk menikmati keindahan Sunset di sore hari dengan pemandangan yang begitu indahnya.
Apa Yang Dapat dilakukan Wisatawan Di Jatiluwih ?
Di Jatiluwih, wisatawan dapat melakukan kegiatan atau aktivitas trekking sambil menikmati suasana alam Jatiluwih yang masih natural serta melihat aktivitas masyarakat yang hampir sehari penuh disawah.
Wisatawan dapat juga menikmati atraksi budaya cara menanam padi yaitu mulai dari proses pertanian dan mapag toya, ngendag, mengolah tanah, tanam padi, mebiyukukung dan sampai panen padi. Menariknya, masih dipertahankannya padi lokal serta budidayanya masih menggunakan pupuk organik.
Pada setiap 210 hari sekali di hari Rabu Kliwon Ugu, wisatawan dapat melihat upacara petoyan yang diadakan di Pura Petali dengan menggelar tarian yang bersifat sakral yaitu Tarian Wali Pendek.
Fasilitas Yang Tersedia
Di kawasan Jatiluwih tersedia wantilan untuk tempat beristirahat, Bale Bengong, restaurant, warung, toilet dan tempat parkir.
Jarak Tempuh Ke Jatiluwih
Jarak tempuh dari Denpasar ke Jatiluwih ±48 km, lokasinya terletak dibagian utara Kota Tabanan (±28 km dari Kota Tabanan).

Pesona kepulauan Spermonde

Kepulauan Spermonde umumnya berada di wilayah Kota Makassar. Pulau kecil ini  termasuk dalam jajaran gugus pulau-pulau kecil. Untuk menjangkaunya cukup mudah, yang Anda perlukan adalah tiket perjalanan menuju Kota Makassar, dan dari Kota Makassar telah tersedia 3 dermaga penyeberangan yang saling berdekatan, yaitu : dermaga Kayu Bangkoa, dermaga wisata Pulau Kayangan dan dermaga milik POPSA (Persatuan Olahraga Perahu motor dan Ski Air) Makassar. .
Kota Makassar yang terkenal dengan wisata bahari memang menawarkan berjuta pesona keindahan alami, khususnya pantai. Namun, jarang orang yang tahu sebetulnya banyak sekali pulau-pulau kecil yang sangat indah di sekitar Makassar, salah satunya Pulau Samalona.

Pulau Samalona

Cara untuk sampai ke Pulau Samalona cukup mudah Anda hanya perlu menyewa perahu dari penduduk sekitar pantai Losari Makassar yang biasanya berprofesi sebagai nelayan atau jasa penyewaan perahu. Harga perahu mulai dari 300 sampai 600 ribu rupiah, pulang pergi untuk 10 orang. Namun, ingat jangan lupa tawar-menawar dengan pemilik perahu.

Waktu tempuh untuk sampai ke Pulau Samalona dari Pantai Losari sekitar setengah jam. Sepanjang perjalanan, Anda dapat menikmati hamparan laut biru terbentang luas seakan tak ada batasnya. Anda juga bisa melihat perahu-perahu nelayan yang sedang menangkap ikan.

Ketika tiba di Pulau Samalona, Anda akan disuguhi pemandangan hamparan luas pasir putih pantai, udara sejuk nan bebas polusi, dan pemandangan alam yang masih alami. Bayangkan, air laut yang begitu bening membuat Anda tidak pernah kesulitan untuk melihat indahnya biota laut di dalam sana.
Pulau kecil ini hanya berpenghuni sekitar 16 kepala keluarga dan luasnya tidak lebih dari 100 meter persegi. Serasa memiliki pulau pribadi, bukan? Anda pun bisa menyewa baruga (rumah singgah) yang hanya sekitar 250 ribu rupiah per harinya.
Anda juga bisa menunggu keindahan matahari terbenam di pesisir pantai sambil mengitari pulau kecil itu. Rasakan lembutnya butiran-butiran pasir putih di telapak kaki sambil sesekali memungut kerang yang terseret ombak. Belum lagi kegiatan voli pantai dan sepak bola di pasir tentu seru dan mengasyikkan.

Dini hari Anda Dapat menikmati  indahnya matahari terbit di Pulau Samalona. Sungguh panorama yang begitu sulit untuk dilupakan.
Berenang di laut. Beningnya air laut dan perairan yang dangkal membuat Anda aman untuk berenang , dengan menggunakan kacamata selam dan alat bantu pernapasan a,Anda bisa bersnorkle ria, menyapa ikan-ikan kecil yang beraneka warna dengan terumbu karang yang masih terjaga keasliannya. Jika beruntung, Anda akan menemukan kuda laut yang cantik dan bintang laut yang indah di sana.

Pulau Bonetambung

Pulau ini berbentuk bulat, dengan luas 5 Ha, atau berjarak 18 km dari Makassar. Posisinya berada di sebelah timur P. Langkai. Perairan sebelah utara dan timur merupakan alur pelayaran pelabuhan, dengan kedalaman lebih dari 40 meter (± 900 meter dari pantai), perairan sebelah barat terdapat rataan terumbu karang, pada bagian luar sekitas 1 km terdapat kedalaman besar dari 20 m, dan pada sebelah baratdaya sekitar 1 km terdapat daerah yang sangat dangkal dengan kedalaman kurang dari 5 meter. Belum tersedia transporatasi reguler ke pulau ini, dapat menggunakan perahu carteran (sekoci) 40 PK dengan biaya sebesar Rp. 600.000,- (pergi-pulang).

Pemukiman penduduk tersebar merata di pulau ini, dengan jumlah 481 jiwa. Vegetasi umum dijumpai adalah pohon kelapa. Beberapa kebiasaan yang sering dilakukan masyarakat, adalah upacara Lahir bathin yakni mensucikan diri sebelum masuk bulan Ramadhan, Upacara Songkabala yakni upacara untuk menolak bala yang akan datang, dan upacara Pa’rappo yakni upacara ritual yang dilaksanakan oleh para nelayan sebelum turun ke laut, serta upacara karangan yakni upacara ritual yang dilakukan oleh para nelayan ketika pulang melaut dengan memperoleh hasil yang berlimpah.
Kondisi ekonomi masyarakat relatif baik dimana mata pencaharian utamanya adalah sebagai nelayan (90%) khususnya nelayan ikan kerapu Untuk mendukung sarana transportasi laut dipulau ini, telah dibangun dermaga pada sisi selatan pulau, selain fasilitas dermaga, terdapat 1 buah sekolah dasar (SD) dan 1 buah Puskesamas pembantu dengan tenaga medis 1 orang mantri, 1 orang suster dan 1 orang dukun, sanitasi lingkungan di pulau ini belum tersedia.
Kita juga dapat menjumpai sebuah masjid hasil swadaya masyarakat dan fasilitas olahraga yakni lapangan bola dan volley. Sebuah instalasi lidtrik dengan generator yang beroperasi pada pukul 18.00 – 22.00 wita melengkapi fasilitasv di pulau ini. Kepiting, crustasea, molusca, cacing pasir, kerang-kerangan, bintang laut, bulu babi, beberapa jenis ikan, seperti ; cumi-cumi, baronang, papakulu (ayam-ayam), mairo (teri), katamba, dan banyar merupakan biota yang umumnya dijumpai diperairan pulau ini. Sejumlah terumbu karang telah rusak, namun masih dapat dijumpai panorama bawah laut yang masih asri untuk lokasi snorkling. Disamping itu, upacara ritual masyarakatnya dapat menjadi atraksi wisata budaya bagi wisatawan.

Pulau Lumu-Lumu

Pulau Lumu-lumu berjarak 28 km dari kota Makassar, termasuk Kelurahan Barrang Caddi, Kecamatan Ujung Tanah. Posisi pulau ini berada di sebelah timur P. Lanjukang, dan merupakan pulau terdekat dari tiga pulau terluar Makassar. Untuk menuju pulau ini, belum tersedia transportasi reguler, hanya tersedia perahu carteran (sekoci) 40 PK dengan biaya Rp. 600.000,- (pergi-pulang).

Pulau Lumu-Lumu
Pulau ini berbentuk bulat, memanjang barat laut-tenggara. Sebaran terumbu karang yang mengelilingi pulau ini dengan kedalaman kurang dari 1 m, dan sebagian besar berubah menjadi daratan pada kondisi surut minimum. Perairan sebelah timur dan utara, merupakan alur pelayaran dengan kedalaman besar 30m, sedangkan perairan sebelah selatan sekitar 2 km dari pulau merupakan daerah gosong dengan kedalaman 5 m, kedalaman perairan antara gosong dan perairan sebelah barat P. Lumu-lumu hingga mencapai besar dari 30 m.
Walaupun luas pulau ini hanya 3,75 ha, atau hampir setengah dari luas P. Lanjukang, namun jumlah penduduknya mencapai 984 jiwa atau 30 kali dari P. Lanjukang. Pulau ini merupakan pulau terpadat penduduknya dengan tingkat kepadatan 262 jiwa setiap ha dan tersebar merata di seluruh pulau. Tidak banyak pohon dijumpai di pulau ini. Pohon yang terdapat di pulau ini: pohon kelapa, pohon kayu cina yang menempati sisi utara, barat dan selatan.
Jumlah masyarakat sejahteranya mencapai 90%, dengan mata pencarian utamanya sebagian nelayan, yang hanya menangkap ikan yang memiliki nilai jual tinggi seperti ikan sunu (grouper) dan ikan karang lainnya. Tingkat kesejahteraan masyarakat pulau ini juga tercermin dari peralatan tangkap yang digunakan sudah lebih maju dibanding nelayan tradisional, dengan menggunakan jaring insang (gill net).
Sebuah dermaga kayu terletak pada sisi timur untuk menunjang aktifitas keluar masuknya perahu. Terdapat sebuah masjid permanen, sebuah Sekolah Dasar dan sebuah puskesmas pembantu dengan satu orang suster, pos yandu 1 buah dan dukun beranak sebanyak 2 orang. Banyak dijumpai sumur dengan air payau dan hanya digunakan untuk kebutuhan mencuci dan mandi, sementara rumah penduduk belum banyak dilengkapi dengan jamban. Instalasi listrik dari PLN dengan 2 buah generator yang beroperasi antara pukul 18.00 – 22.00 Wita, dan tersedia fasilitas telekomunikasi.
Biota yang terdapat di pesisir pulau, adalah: padang lamun, rumput laut, kepiting, keong laut, cacing pasir, teripang, sedangkan diperairan sekitar pulau.terdapat beberapa jenis ikan, karang lunak, karang keras, dan padang lamun.

Pulau Barrang Lompo

Pulau Barrang Lompo termasuk wilayah Kecamatan Ujung Tanah, dan berada di sebelah utara P. Barrang Caddi, dan berjarak 13 km dari Makassar. Pulaunya berbentuk bulat, dengn luas 19 Ha. Vegetasi yang umum tumbuh di pulau ini adalah pohon asam, pohon pisang dan pohon sukun, sedangkan pohon kelapa hanya dijumpai disisi timur dan barat pulau ini.

Pulau Barrang Lompo
Konsentrasi pemukiman penduduk berada pada sisi Timur, Selatan, dan Barat dengan jumlah penduduk mencapai 3.563 jiwa dari 800 KK. Mayoritas penduduknya bekerja sebagai nelayan, dilengkapi kurang lebih 50 kapal kayu motor dan sekoci. Kondisi ekonomi masyarakatnya relatif sejahtera.
Fasilitas umum di pulau ini cukup maju dibanding pulau lainnya, tersedia transportasi reguler dari dan ke Makassar dengan kapal motor, biayanya Rp. 6.000,- per orang sekali jalan, sanitasi yang cukup baik, fasilitas pendidikan : 1 buah Taman Kanak-kanak (TK), dan 2 buah Sekolah Dasar. Pulau ini dilengkapi juga dengan fasilitas kessehatan berupa 1 buah Puskesmas dan sebuah lagi puskesmas pembantu dengan tenaga medis yang terdiri dari 1 orang dokter, 1 orang perawat, 1 orang mantri, dan 1 orang bidan. Instalasi listrik dengan 2 generator yang berkapasitas 360 KVA yang beroperasi pada pukul 18.00 – 06.00 WITA. Jalan-jalan utama dibuat dari paving blok. Fasilitas air yang baik dan memiliki 2 buah dermaga (tradisional dan semi permanen), dan di pulau ini terdapat “Marine Field Stasiun Universitas Hasanuddin”.
Tradisi masyarakat yang masih dijumpai di pulau ini adalah upacara Lahir Bathin yakni mensucikan diri sebelum masuk bulan Ramadhan, upacara Songkabala yakni upacara untuk menolak bala yang akan datang, upacara Pa’rappo yakni upacara ritual yang dilaksanakan oleh para nelayan sebelum turun ke laut, dan upacara Karangan yakni upacara ritual yang dilakukan oleh para nelayan ketika pulang melaut dengan memperoleh hasil yang berlimpah.
Selain makam-makam tua dari abad ke XIX yang terdapat di pulau ini sebagai obyek wisata budaya yang menarik dikunjungi, juga kios tempat pembuatan cindera mata dari kerang laut, berada tepat didepan dermaga utama. Pada beberapa spot di perairan pulau ini, kehidupan karang dan ikan karang umumnya masih baik, walaupun ada sebagian karangnya sudah ikut hancur akibat eksploitasi yang tidak ramah lingkungan.

Pulau Kodingareng Keke

Pulau ini terletak disebelah utara Pulau Kodingareng Lompo, dan berjarak 14 km dari Makassar. Bentuk pulaunya memanjang timurlaut – baratdlaya, dengan luas ± 1 Ha. Pada sisi selatan pulau, pantainya tersusun oleh pecahan karang yang berukuran pasir hingga kerikilan, sedangkan pada sisi utara tersusun oleh pasir putih yang berukuran sedang-halus dan bentuknya berubah mengikuti musim barat dan timur. Tidak tersedia transportasi reguler menuju pulau ini, namun dapat menngunakan perahu motor carteran (sekoci), 40 PK dengan biaya Rp. 500.000,- (pergi-pulang)

Pulau Kodingareng Keke
Tidak tercatat adanya penduduk di pulau ini, namun dalam 7 tahun terakhir ini terdapat beberapa bangunan peristirahatan semi permanen bagi wisatawan yang berkunjung ke pulau ini. Bangunan dikelola oleh seorang warga negara Belanda, dan telah menanam kembali beberapa pohon pinus. Namun belakangan bangunan tersebut hancur terkena badai dan tinggal puing²nya saja. Pada sisi barat terdapat dataran penghalang yang terbentuk akibat proses sedimentasi yang tersusun atas material pecahan koral. Ada pasang terendah, terdapat dataran yang cukup luas dibagian barat pantai. Perairan sebelah baratlaut merupakan daerah yang cukup luas dengan kedalaman kecil dari 5 meter hingga mencapai 2,5 km dari garis pantai, sedangkan di perairan sebelah timur dan selatan merupakan alur pelayaran masuk dan keluar dari pelabuhan samudera Makassar.
Perairan di sekitar pulau ini merupakan tempat yang ideal bagi mereka yang menyenangi snorkeling. Kondisi terumbu karangnya umumnya terjaga dengan baik, dengan ikan-ikan karangnya yang cantik membuat panorama bawah lautnya semakin asri. Bagi anda yang tidak menggemari snorkling/diving, dapat anda menikmati hamparan pasir putihnya.

Keajaiban alam Minangkabau

Arsitektur Rumah Gadang (Rumah Adat Minangkabau , sangat menawan namun alamnya sungguh menakjubkan , suatu Keajaiban Alam ciptaan Tuhan yang patut anda kunjungi.

1. Jembatan Akar – Pesisir Selatan

2. Ngarai Sianok – Bukit Tinggi

3. Danau Singkarak – Tanah Datar

4. Gunung Singgalang – Padang Panjang

5. Laut Mentawai – Mentawai

6. Lembah Arau – Limapuluh Kota

7. Danau Maninjau – Agam

8. Danau Kembar – Solok

9. Pantai Air Manih/Batu Malin Kundang – Padang

PESONA RAJA AMPAT

Raungan mesin kapal kayu akhirnya berhenti dan perahu mulai merapat. Tak ada yang terdengar kecuali ombak kecil yang mendera sisi kapal dan perlahan-lahan melepaskannya. Burung-burung beterbangan dari ujung pohon kecil di salah satu pulau tak berpenghuni dan terpencil.
Raja Ampat atau 'Empat Raja' adalah nama yang diberikan untuk pulau-pulau ini. Sebuah nama yang berasal dari mitos lokal. Empat pulau utama yang dimaksud itu adalah Waigeo, Salawati, Batanta, Misool yang merupakan penghasil lukisan batu kuno.

Raungan mesin kapal kayu akhirnya berhenti dan perahu mulai merapat. Tak ada yang terdengar kecuali ombak kecil yang mendera sisi kapal dan perlahan-lahan melepaskannya. Burung-burung beterbangan dari ujung pohon kecil di salah satu pulau tak berpenghuni dan terpencil.
Raja Ampat atau 'Empat Raja' adalah nama yang diberikan untuk pulau-pulau ini. Sebuah nama yang berasal dari mitos lokal. Empat pulau utama yang dimaksud itu adalah Waigeo, Salawati, Batanta, Misool yang merupakan penghasil lukisan batu kuno.
Pecinta wisata bawah laut dari seluruh dunia berduyun-duyun datang ke ini untuk menikmati pemandangan bawah laut terbaik di dunia yang mengagumkan. Dua hari sebelumnya, saat Anda berada di Bali yang ramai sekaligus sakral berbalut seni maka naiklah pesawat menuju ujung kepala burung Pulau Papua. Selanjutnya, bersiaplah untuk sebuah petualangan yang takkan terlupakan. Mulailah tur Anda dari sini dengan menyelam di bawah lautnya yang paling indah. Jelajahilah dinding bawah laut yang vertical itu. Rasakan juga ketegangan menyelamnya, berdebar-debar saat terombang-ambing arus laut. Itu pastinya akan menjadi pengalaman pribadi yang tak terlupakan di Raja Ampat.
Wilayah pulau-pulau di Raja Ampat sangatlah luas, mencakup 4,6 juta hektar tanah dan laut. Di sinilah rumah bagi 540 jenis karang, 1.511 spesies ikan, serta 700 jenis moluska. Kekayaan biota ini telah menjadikan Raja Ampat sebagai perpustakaan hidup dari koleksi terumbu karang dan biota laut paling beragam di dunia. Bahkan, menurut laporan The Nature Conservancy dan Conservation International, ada sekitar 75% spesies laut dunia tinggal di pulau yang menakjubkan ini.

 Pecinta wisata bawah laut dari seluruh dunia berduyun-duyun datang ke ini untuk menikmati pemandangan bawah laut terbaik di dunia yang mengagumkan. Dua hari sebelumnya, saat Anda berada di Bali yang ramai sekaligus sakral berbalut seni maka naiklah pesawat menuju ujung kepala burung Pulau Papua. Selanjutnya, bersiaplah untuk sebuah petualangan yang takkan terlupakan. Mulailah tur Anda dari sini dengan menyelam di bawah lautnya yang paling indah. Jelajahilah dinding bawah laut yang vertical itu. Rasakan juga ketegangan menyelamnya, berdebar-debar saat terombang-ambing arus laut. Itu pastinya akan menjadi pengalaman pribadi yang tak terlupakan di Raja Ampat.
Wilayah pulau-pulau di Raja Ampat sangatlah luas, mencakup 4,6 juta hektar tanah dan laut. Di sinilah rumah bagi 540 jenis karang, 1.511 spesies ikan, serta 700 jenis moluska. Kekayaan biota ini telah menjadikan Raja Ampat sebagai perpustakaan hidup dari koleksi terumbu karang dan biota laut paling beragam di dunia. Bahkan, menurut laporan The Nature Conservancy dan Conservation International, ada sekitar 75% spesies laut dunia tinggal di pulau yang menakjubkan ini.

Akhir Desember 2011, Raja Ampat – Papua ditetapkan sebagai Destinasi Pariwisata Nasional

Keunikan adalah saripati dari sebuah daya tarik wisata.Tak banyak sebuah daya tarik wisata memiliki keindahan berbeda saatdilihat dari delapan penjuru mata angin, atau pun dari atas dan bawah permukaannya.Kepulauan Wayag adalah salah satu tujuan wisata luar biasa dengan keistimewaan itu. Kemanapun pandangan dilepaskan dari kacamata hitam yang menghalau teriknya sinar surya di langit Raja Ampat, setiap warna dan bentuk  yang berlabuh di persepsi kita tentang Kepualaun Wayag hanya mampu memberikan satu makna, yaitu kepuasan.

Mari kita lihat kumpulan pulau karst ini dari sisi lain, di luar kenyataan bahwa Kepulauan Wayag adalah saripati dari Kepulauan Raja Ampat yang terletak di coral triangle di Asia Pasifik.

 Seperti hidangan utama dalam sebuah pesta, Kepulauan Wayag dapat menaikan tekanan darah lebih cepat hanya dengan melihatnya saja, belum lagi menyentuh dan menghirupnya. Anda seperti ada di dalam etalase karya-karya alam terbaik. Keindahan ini begitu nyata, namun seperti di dunia mimpi yang dilukis oleh warna, sehingga sulit diurai oleh kata-kata.







50 Destinasi Pariwisata Nasional akan Dikembangkan


Pemerintah melalui Kementerian Pariwisata dan Ekonomi Kreatif (Menparekraf) berencana mengembangkan 50 tujuan wisata nasional sampai dengan 2025. Tujuan wisata tersebut akan tersebar di seluruh Indonesia. Masing-masing kawasan tujuan wisata memiliki titik strategis yang akan dikembangkan.

Menteri Pariwisata dan Ekonomi Kreatif (Menparekraf), Mari Elka Pangestu, dalam Konferensi Pariwisata Nasional di Hotel Grand Sahid Jaya, Jakarta, Senin (5/12), mengutarakan bahwa hal tersebut sudah ditetapkan dalam Peraturan Pemerintah (PP) Nomor 50 Tahun 2011 pada 2 Desember 2011. Untuk itu, beliau berpesan agar daerah mulai mempersiapkan diri dan menyusun rencana jangka pendek, jangka menengah, serta jangka panjang untuk mengembangkan tujuan wisatanya yang potensial.


Pengembangan 50 Destinasi Pariwisata Nasional (DPN) yang siap dikembangkan pemerintah hingga tahun 2025 tersebut berada dalam 88 kawasan strategis pariwisata nasional dan 222 kawasan pengembangan pariwisata nasional yang dinilai potensial. Pengembangan kawasan pariwisata nasional akan dilakukan di Provinsi Nanggroe Aceh Darussalam meliputi Nias dan Simeluen. Sedang di Provinsi Sumatera Utara meliputi Medan dan Danau Toba. Kemudian di Provinsi Nusa Tenggara Barat meliputi Lombok, Moyo, dan sekitarnya, serta di Provinsi Nusa Tenggara Timur meliputi Komodo, Ruteng, dan Kelimutu.

Proyek pengembangan pariwisata juga pengembangan Pangandaran pasca tsunami. Dalam pengembangan tersebut hal yang perlu diperhatikan adalah pedagang keliling hingga area pantai, pengelolaan lingkungan sekitar pantai terkait manajemen sampah pemanfaatan energi, dan meningkatnya kebutuhan untuk pelayanan pariwisata.

Menparekraf menambahkan agar pengembangan pariwisata nasional ini berhasil maka perlu kerja sama dan koordinasi serta perencanaan yang baik. Beliau mencontohkan pengembangan sebuah destinasi harus dibagi dalam 3 tahap yakni pra-proyek, pelaksanaan proyek, dan pasca-proyek. Praproyek disiapkan daerah tujuan wisata, dilakukan perencanaan pengembangan, kemudian setiap daerah mengidentifikasi langkah yang akan dilakukan dan melakukan proses persiapan dengan memperhatikan masukan berbagai pihak. Setelah itu menyiapkan proposal yang akan diinisiasikan baik kepada pemerintah pusat maupun investor dan melakukan perancangan yang baik. Pasca-proyek ada evaluasi yang dilakukan agar dapat menjadi bahan pelajaran ke depan.

Temukan sumber sejenis di alamat berikut.

Senin, 18 Juni 2012

Tourism Development in Indonesia


   Indonesia is located on over 13,000 islands and has over 17 percent of the earth’s species. Roughly and conservatively, Indonesia houses about 11 percent of flowering plant species, 12 percent of the world’s mammals, 17 percent of all birds, and at least 37 percent the world’s fish.
   Since its independence, the government of Indonesia has exploited the natural resources of country to fuel “development”. Minerals and oil are heavily extracted; forest have been cleared and cut down. The development—which emphasizes very much on economic growth—has neglected almost all aspects other than economic growth. Until the late 1980s, the focus of the development had been on import substitution, and after that on developing export oriented industries. Hence, development in Indonesia means nothing more than industrialization. Moreover, industrialization in Indonesia has been focused on manufacturing.
   As stated in its long-term plan of development, Indonesia started its development by boosting the agriculture to be self-sufficient in food, and at the same time, establishing the foundations for industrialization. After completing the phase of developing its secondary (manufacturing) industry, the country moved forward to tertiary (service) industry. Relying on this concept on the early 1990s, Indonesia promoted the development of service industries. The most prominent sector in this industry is tourism.
   Tourism has played an important role in some provinces in Indonesia. The province of Bali, for example, enjoyed revenues from tourism even before the Government of Indonesia gave its attention to this sector. In order to promote the tourism industry, the president established a Ministry of Tourism, Post and Telecommunication in 1988, and set a “Visit Indonesia Year 1990” program.
NATIONAL POLICY ON TOURISM
   National policy on development of tourism is based on a long-term plan of development. During the last 32 years, a centralized development policy, including the tourism, was adopted. As a result, many provinces of Indonesia were not optimally and equally developed. The growth of tourism had been lower than that of neighboring countries in ASEAN, a surprising fact when taking into account the richness of Indonesia‘s “tourist attractions”.
   Recent development shows increasing efforts by the central government to work together with the local government to identify, develop and promote potential tourist destinations other than Bali. Along with the increasing awareness of nature protections, which will attract special tourists to visit Indonesia, the government has also introduced regulations on environment which are related to the sector of tourism, such as: 
1. The Decree of the Minister of the Environment, No. Kep-32A/MENLH/7/1995 regarding Proper Clean River Program (Prokasih);
2. The Decree of the Minister of the Environment, No: Kep-52/MENLH/10/1995 on Standard Quality of Liquid Wastes for Hotel Operations; 
3. The Decree of the Head of Environment Control Institution (BAPEDAL), No: Kep-32/BAPEDAL/05/1997 regarding Clean River Program, to require hotels to install liquid waste management unit;
4. MOU between the Ministry of the Environment and Indonesian Association of Hotels and Restaurants, No: 02/MENLH/12/1995 concerning the Training and Monitoring of Environmental-friendly Hotels and Restaurants 
5. Programs on Evaluating the Achievements of Business Entities in implementation of Clean River Program.
   Implementations of those regulations include the effort to apply environmentally friendly standards for the operations of hotels in Indonesia. The government has planned to include hotels in point 5 above, which include the evaluation of environmental management with the use of rating through colored labels starting in 1998, as follows:
  • Gold labels are given to hotels which have achieved the level of zero emission; 
  • Green labels are provided to hotels which have adopted clean technology or minimizing environmental impacts;
  • Blue labels are produced for hotels which are abiding the current regulations on environmental control;
  • Red label is for a hotel which has tried to adopt, but failed to meet the requirements of the regulations on environment;
  • Black labels are for hotels that do not try to abide the regulations on environment, and even damaging the environment.
   One effort of the government to prevent pollution is by providing incentives through the Program of Soft Loan for Environment from Overseas Economic Corporation Funds on Pollution Abatement Equipment. This program is designed to encourage the installation of pollution management units in some businesses of which the operations are potentially damaging the environment. The soft loan with a period of 3 to 20 years is expected to answer the problems of high cost of investments in waste processing units faced by domestic investors.
MORE ON TOURISM POLICIES and THEIR BENEFITS TO THE INDONESIAN ECONOMY
   After several years, private tourism sectors as well as the government, realized that the development of tourism in this country is not only beneficial but has also its negative impact, such as: environmental degradation, economic gap between those related to the tourism business and those who are not, cultural degradation, etc. Massive development of high rise hotels, roads and infrastructures, along with changing use of the land, etc. for the purpose of tourism, have resulted the serious degradation of the environment. Some of these impacts will be described in the case studies.
   As tourism developed, profit-seeking investors have come. Their fresh capital enabled them to own most of the resources, and eventually expel the local community from their own land. This left them with choices of either stay as farmers in less-fertile and smaller size of lands, or taking other jobs such as small merchants, providing services to the tourism activities, etc
   As will be described in the case of Bali, the pressures of capital have affected not only Bali’s economy, but also its culture. 
Under the pressure of Indonesian NGOs, informal leaders, religious leaders and other concerned people, the government of Indonesia has started to change its policies on tourism. The government has put its best efforts in promoting people-centered tourism and ecologically friendly tourism.
   Unlike the previous ones, the new policies provide more opportunities for the local people to participate in the tourism development. Under the "tourism build prosperity and peace" theme, the Government of Indonesia empowers small and medium scale entrepreneurs and cooperatives in tourism sector, encourages private--especially the small and medium ones, deregulates licensing process for eliminating high-cost economy, and implements community based tourism.
   Environmentally friendly tourism, or eco-tourism, has been adopted in in the last five years. It, as a mater of fact, has not been a mainstream in the tourism development. Only some areas--consist of national parks, rivers, and forests--are designated to be used for eco-tourism. In developing eco-tourism. It is understood that eco-tourism should make requirements of nature and environmental protection the basis for touristic activities. Thus, it ensures its ecological sustainability.
TOURISM IN BALI ISLAND
   Compared to the total area of Indonesia, Bali represents only 0.29%. Based on 1997’s data, the total population of Bali is about 3.3 million, with a population density of almost 585 person/sq.km. However, Bali ranks as the first in terms of popularity among tourist-destination areas in Indonesia. Tourism in Bali had started since 1926 with the exploitation of the unique Balinese cultural and natural beauty by the Dutch colonial government. The government of Indonesia started in 1960 with the building of the Bali Beach Hotel in Sanur and the Ngurah Rai international airport.
   Bali is internationally known for its dances, temples, and beaches, which have long been recognized as main tourist attractions. In 1996 BaIi attracted a total number of around 3 million tourists, or about 30% of the total number of foreign tourists coming to Indonesia. The trend shows an escalating number over several years. The increase is supported by the infrastructures and facilities.: more than 25,000 hotel rooms of various qualities, international airport which can accommodate large airplanes, ports and more than about 500 thousands Balinese involved in tourism activities.
   Despite the deterioration of Indonesian politics and economy, Bali is still perceived as a very safe and nice place to visit. Bali enjoys the ever increasing number of visitors whom each stays the average of 9 days, with an average spending of about USD 80 per day. Bali is indeed the only tourist destination in Indonesia that is still recommended by the government of Japan, USA, Australia and other European countries. Other areas in Indonesia still suffer significant drop due to the recession and partly to travel bans set by foreign countries. On the contrary, Balinese merchants, brokers, etc. have gained profit from the condition. Tourism industry in Bali still enables Balinese to sustain their consumptive lifestyle.
   The development of tourism industry has played an important role in Bali’s economy due to its limited natural resources. An important indicator of the growth in revenue is the income per capita which has been increasing since 1994 of Rp. 2,22 million, Rp. 2,56 million (1995), and Rp. 2,95 million (1996), with several tourist destination areas as the highest per capita income.
   An indirect impact from the growth is the relatively high population growth rate in these areas compared to other areas. The urbanization as well as migrant workers from other provinces have caused high growth rate of population which affect natural environment, social, economic and cultural life of the Balinese.
   The tourism development plan of Bali is based on two regulations i.e. (1) The Decree of the Governor of Bali No. 528 / 1993 regarding Tourism Area; (2) The Decree of the Local Government No. 4 / 1996 regarding Spatial Planning for the Province of Bali.
The objectives of the above regulations are: (1) To provide guidance for the optimum use of space at tourist destination areas, especially in less developed areas; (2) To reduce the negative impacts of tourism activities on the sustainability of the environment
The strategies on the above are based on the Balinese philosophy of Tri Hita Karana that includes:
  • Strategy of managing sanctuaries;
  • Development of agricultural areas and regional infrastructures;
  • Development of urban and other priority areas.
1. Social and Cultural 
Aside from its benefits, the growth of tourism in Bali has some negative impacts, particularly in the social and the cultural dimensions. The Balinese culture has changed due to commercial influences, people alienation from their own land, market orientation of artworks. Among them are:
 Tourism has created income opportunities. Unfortunately, young generations have failed to exercise religious and/or ethical values to generate income; Cases of young people involved in various types of prostitution are common in several popular tourist destination areas. There are street souvenir vendors who sell their merchandise in such ways that annoy the customers, while some others put very high price on the low quality merchandise. These will create the negative image of Bali as a safe and enjoyable tourist destination.
 Expecting more money, some local people who do not have necessary skills take shortcuts to wealth which, in most cases, are not morally acceptable.
 There are also cases where the local community has been alienated from their own village. The flow of investments on hotels along the beach has driven local community out of their lands and even beaches. Beaches are essential to the Balinese, for their religious believe to the Sang Hyang Widi Wasa. Land, sea, and mountain are perceived as one unity. As some beaches are converted into private areas, Balinese are alienated from their own values and can no longer perform their rituals.
    Other main tourist attractions are dances, paintings and sculptures. These art forms have generated a lot of income from the rise of tourist visit to Bali. However, the products of these art forms have been adjusted according to the taste of the market. This resulted in popular market products rather than high quality of art itself. Sculptures, dances, and other art products are originally--for Balinese--for ritual and religious purposes. However, thanks to the market pressure, they are turned into commercial commodities.
 
2. Economic Perspective
The Tourism industry -- including transportation, hotel, hospitality, and travelling services -- is the biggest industry in Bali that provides quality employment opportunities for the Balinese, and is still one of the fastest growing sectors in the Island. Employment opportunities have been provided by small businesses especially in the home industry, supporting the tourism activities. Many of them are located in the urban areas. Considering the economic crises suffered by the country, it is projected that the growth of the industry in Bali will not exceed that of 1997/98.
Tourism industry is expected to contribute a major portion of GDP in foreign exchange, which is very much needed at this moment, and to provide 2.6 million, 2.8 million, and 3.4 million employment opportunities in 1996, 1997, and 1998 respectively. The figures above have shown the important role of tourism in Bali’s economy. Most of Balinese are economically depend on the tourism directly or indirectly.
During the political riots in several major cities of Indonesia, considered as the safest place to stay, hotels in Bali were fully booked. The government of Bali also benefited from this situation, specifically from income tax and local retributions.
Tourism industry has played an important factor to boost exports. Foreign tourists spend their foreign exchange directly by buying products of the visited country. About 14% of the total value of Indonesian export are generated from tourism. The transactions are directly between tourists and merchants. 
Another important impact of the tourism in Bali is that it generates a multiplying effect. The growth of tourism will enable other sectors such as construction and manufacturing to grow as well. In 1997, there were 61 new investments in tourist destination developments in Bali alone.
3. Environment Perspective
The increasing activities in tourism have resulted in some negative impacts on the environment, e.g.:
  • Ground water
The significant increase of water consumption for daily activities as well as for recreational purposes, such as swimming pools. Many hotels in Bali are forced to provide their own sources of clean water because the limited access to the local water companies (30% of the current needs). These hotels have turned into ground water extraction, amounting to about 46% of their needs, to supply their needs for clean water. The extensive use of ground water may decrease the ground water reserve in the long run, and induce the absorption of seawater (intrusion) even further.
  • Liquid wastes 
Based on review done by the government on some hotels in Bali, about 63 % have installed a liquid waste management unit, while the rest still use the absorption methods. A conventional system on liquid waste management (absorption) has grown businesses for providing the service of hauling human wastes. Their service seems to solve the problem of liquid waste of the hotels. However, the lack of regulation on waste management, has excused the private haulers to pour liquid wastes directly into the sea and rivers. Thus creating a higher potential damage to the environment. The regulations also failed to set parameters on some factors, such as content of oil/fat, NO3-N, Phosphors, Faecal Colii, etc. in the ambient water.
  • Solid wastes
Most hotel operators in Bali are using private hauler in maintaining their solid wastes. These private haulers are responsible to collect, transport and dispose the wastes. Wastes from the hotel kitchen are often used to create compost and feed for pigs. Some hotels have also worked together with private sectors to recycle some wastes like papers, glass bottles, etc. There are also cases, however, of some irresponsible private haulers disposing the solid wastes in places other than the designed area, as seen in some parts of the coastal areas.
  • Noise and fuel emission
As there is a sharp increase of tourists coming to Bali, direct impacts including noise resulted from airplanes to and out of the province. Inland transportation within the province has resulted in pollution. There are also cases where some dwellings around hotel areas are affected by fuel gas emission that comes from incinerators and electric generators.
  • Eradication of Landscape and ecosystem
Lands conversion for tourism are common in Bali. A rocky hill which is rich of natural flora and fauna was “developed” into golf field; some others are cut to build boulevards and bungalows. This conversion leads to the extinction of Bali’s natural flora and fauna, such as the famous indigenous bird called Jalak Bali.
For the last six years the production of wastes and garbage, as well as depletion of environment and its flora and fauna, from tourism related activities tend to increase up to 25% per annum. These, if not properly maintained, may pollute the environment especially in popular tourist areas and its surroundings. To handle such potential problems, Bali needs to improve its policies and control system regarding the environment management.
TOURISM DEVELOPMENT IN LOMBOK ISLAND
I. Existing Conditions of Tourism Sector 
The Island of Lombok is located next to Bali. Lombok is currently considered as a very potential tourist destination area after Bali. It is part of the province of West Nusa Tenggara Barat. With a total population of 2.6 millions for the whole province, of which about 6 % is employed in tourism sectors, tourism activities has contributed an amount about US$ 106 millions, or about 25% of the local GDP. In 1997 a total number of about 200 thousands tourists originating from America, Europe, Asean, and Asia Pacific visited Lombok. 
As also in Bali, tourism activities in Lombok Island have created opportunities to generate income. Aside from hotels and restaurants, there are several art or souvenir shops introducing specific art products from West Nusa Tenggara which is quite different from that of the Balinese: hand-woven Ikat, clay works, pandan weavings, primitive wood sculptures, etc. With its unspoiled land and diversity of religious and cultural values, West Nusa Tenggara offers a unique natural as well as cultural attraction. 
2. Policy and Strategy of Local Government
As a tourism destination next to Bali, the local government has encouraged the involvement of private sector, community, and cooperative in developing tourism. This effort included the development of infrastructures to support the tourism, and, especially, the improvement of the quality and capability of the local work force.
With properly planned actions, the government of NTB expected the growth of tourism to increase 15% per annum. This means about 500,000 employment, and about USD 115 millions generated annually at the end of 1998, from about 309,000 tourist.
In an effort to develop tourism, the government of West Nusa Tenggara has established a joint venture company with the private sector called the Lombok Tourism Development Corporation (LTDC). The plan of this cooperation is to develop tourism facilities in a total area of 1,250 ha which consists of hotels, golf course, business center, and other tourism facilities. 
However, learning from tourism in Bali, the government will prevent negative impact from tourism activities. They have anticipated that problems like wastes, over investment, land acquisition, illegal buildings, environmental degradation, privatization of beaches which created less access for fishermen and public, as well as social and cultural impacts that may appear as the tourism developed. 
3. Social Perspective 
Lombok has natural beauty that can be developed as tourism resort. As the island located near Bali-a major tourist destination, Lombok has the advantage to be the second tourist destination to catch the overflow of tourists from Bali. The provincial government of NTB understand very well the strategic position of Lombok and it includes tourism as a leading sector in the provincial development. Tourism in Lombok has provided 6.09% of total employment opportunity in that area. However, the number is much lower than the available graduates of tourism schools, as well as the expectations of the government to provide employment for local community around tourist destination areas. The development of tourism has also shifted employment opportunities from agricultural to tourism related activities.
   Efforts, which have been done by the government, include facilitating training to improve the quality of local handicrafts in order to enable them to compete and to reach a much larger market share. The consideration of empowering the surrounding community is particularly important, because of the current gap between quality of local human resources compared to those from other parts of Indonesia. If left unanswered, this will lead to economic, and thus, social gap between the local community and migrants. 
However, negative impact of the development of tourism is not hard to see. More and more people have moved, either voluntarily or not, for the reason of developing tourist resorts such as the case of Ms.Inaq Ameneh of Gili Trawangan[1].
2. Economic Perspective
The natural resources of Lombok island has attracted a lot of investors--domestic as well as foreign ones--in establishing tourism related industries: hotels, resorts, travel agents, restaurants, etc. Based on data collected, there are domestic investments amounting to Rp. 362 billion and foreign investments amounting to USD 2.57 million in hotels, restaurants, etc. It is also expected that these investments could lead to other activities beneficial to the local community surrounding them. The multiplying effect of the growing tourism sector has been expected to happen in Lombok.
3. Environment Perspective 
The local government of West Nusa Tenggara has taken some preventive measures based on the negative experience of Bali, such as the degradation of quality and quantity of natural resources, as well as the impacts on the local community. 
However, with a current economic condition of the area (i.e. population of almost 4 million, income per capita of Rp. 1.8 million--less than 55% of its neighboring Bali--and limited amount of local revenue of the government), it seems that the government of West Nusa Tenggara is facing a difficult choice between maintaining the quality of the land and a fast way to increase economic conditions of the region. Stringent regulations on investments will create the impression of West Nusa Tenggara as an unattractive investment area, especially in a worsening condition of Indonesia in foreign investor’s view.
One example is the opening of a gold mine in Sumbawa. A foreign joint venture called Newmont has recently established its open mining area there. With an increase of expatriates in the project, it is expected to boost local economic activities (including tourism) as well as employment opportunities for the local community. The available jobs for local community is mostly for the unskilled ones, although in quite a big number. The open mining system, however, is considered as degrading the quality of land.

What is tourism planning?


Planning is the dynamic process of determining goals, systematically selecting alternative courses of actions to achieve those goals, implementing the chosen alternatives and evaluating the choice to determine if it is successful. The planning process regards the environment which includes political, physical, social and economic elements as interrelated and interdependent components which should be taken into account in considering the future of a destination.
Like any planning, tourism planning is goal-oriented, striving to achieve certain objectives by matching available resources and programs with the needs and wants of people. Comprehensive planning requires a systematic approach, usually involving a series of steps. The process is best viewed as an iterative and ongoing one, with each step subject to modification and refinement at any stage of the planning process.



There are six steps in the planning process:
1. Define goals and objectives.
2. Identify the tourism system.
a) Resources
b) Organizations
c) Markets
3. Generate alternatives.
4. Evaluate alternatives.
5. Select and implement.
6. Monitor and evaluate.